Final answer:
The social organization within correctional institutions involves the structural and functional aspects of the corrections system which oversee individuals convicted of crimes. These institutions, as total institutions, impose strict rules and routines with the goal of resocializing inmates and are subjects of debate in terms of their effectiveness and approach to rehabilitation.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the text, the social organization within correctional institutions refers to the structure and functioning of corrections system entities, which supervise individuals who are undergoing the legal repercussions of criminal conduct. These institutions include jails, prisons, and various other facilities where individuals are isolated from broader society to serve their sentences and possibly undergo rehabilitation.
The concept of total institution is key to understanding the social organization of correctional facilities. This is characterized by the significant break from previous social roles for inmates and the enforcement of strict rules, often aiming for resocialization of its members. The history and current state of correctional institutions is a subject of debate, focusing on whether the justice system effectively rehabilitates inmates or whether it should impose harsher conditions to deter crime.
Formal organizations, such as prisons, ensure that individuals follow specific regulations and routines, aiming to bring about changes in behavior and social integration. This structured environment is deemed necessary by those in the field of criminal justice to transform offenders into law-abiding citizens, through various means like hard work, religious instruction, and separation from negative influences.