Final Answer:
In modern terminology, Mendel's heredity factors are called:
b) Genes
Step-by-step explanation:
Mendel's heredity factors, which determine specific traits in an organism, are referred to as "genes" in modern terminology. Genes are segments of DNA that encode instructions for building and maintaining the various components of cells, and they play a crucial role in the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next.
Genes, the hereditary units, are pivotal in shaping an organism's characteristics. Here's a breakdown of the components:
Segments of DNA: Genes are specific segments of DNA, the molecular code that carries genetic information.
Instructions for Proteins: Within these DNA segments, genes provide the instructions necessary for the synthesis of proteins. Proteins are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells, tissues, and organs.
Determinants of Traits: Genes play a fundamental role in determining various traits, such as physical attributes, behaviors, and susceptibility to certain diseases. The combination of genes inherited from both parents contributes to an individual's unique genetic makeup.
Understanding genes is crucial for insights into inheritance patterns, genetic disorders, and advancements in fields like genetic engineering and medicine.
In modern terminology, Mendel's heredity factors are called:
b) Genes