Final answer:
The fully plan-driven life cycle model is a) Predictive or Waterfall. This model follows a sequential process without iterative refinements, unlike the spiral design process which involves multiple cycles of improvements.
Step-by-step explanation:
The life cycle that is also known as fully plan-driven is a) Predictive or Waterfall. This life cycle is called plan-driven because it follows the same path for every cycle in a linear and sequential manner. Each phase in the Waterfall model must be completed before the next phase can begin, and there is little to no overlap between them. Unlike the spiral design process, the Waterfall model doesn't typically involve iterative refinement; the product is developed step by step from start to finish. This is distinct from responses b) Iterative or Incremental, c) Adaptive or Agile, and d) Spiral which are not fully plan-driven and involve revisiting and refining parts of the product through multiple cycles.
The spiral design process involves a series of iterative cycles, making enhancements and refinements after each one. This approach allows for the development of a better final product but requires more time and resources with each loop in the spiral design process.