Final answer:
Mobilization in the context of social movements is the process by which a group gathers the necessary resources to make collective action possible, according to resource mobilization theory by McCarthy and Zald.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to theories of social movements, particularly the resource mobilization theory developed by McCarthy and Zald in 1977, mobilization refers to the processes by which a group gathers the necessary resources to make collective action possible. These resources include time, money, organizational capacity, and human capital. Mobilization is essential because it allows social movement organizations (SMOs) to organize, strategize, and execute their social protest actions effectively. Different types of social movements, whether they focus on expressing resistance, campaigning for reforms, or calling for a revolution, all rely on mobilization to gather support and effect social change.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is D. mobilization is the ways in which a group acquires sufficient resources to make collective action possible.