Final answer:
Color vision deficiencies are typically genetic, with red-green color blindness being the most common form. This condition is related to the malfunctioning of cone cells in the retina and has higher prevalence in males than in females.
Step-by-step explanation:
Color vision deficiencies are most commonly the result of genetic factors. The most prevalent deficiency is red-green color blindness. Research shows that red-green color deficiency is an X-linked inherited abnormality with varying prevalence among different ethnicities. For instance, it affects approximately 8% of males of European descent but only about 0.4% of females from the same demographic.
In terms of physiology, color blindness involves the malfunction of cone cells in the retina, which are responsible for color perception. Red-green color blindness, which includes Deutan and Protan types, is the most common genetic disorder, with other vision problems such as astigmatism and myopia being relatively widespread but typically not related to color perception issues.