Question

Two types of processes extend from the cell body of a neuron. ____________ are branches that receive input from other neurons, whereas ____________ send information to other neurons.

Answer 1

Final answer:

Dendrites are neuron extensions that receive information from other neurons, while axons are single fibers that transmit information to other cells. The axon, typically wrapped in a myelin sheath, sends electrical impulses, whereas dendrites receive these impulses at synapses.

Step-by-step explanation:

The two types of processes that extend from the cell body of a neuron are dendrites and axons. Dendrites are branched structures that extend from the neuron's cell body, which is also known as the soma. Their primary function is to receive information from other neurons through specialized contact points called synapses. On the other hand, the axon is a single, elongated fiber that emerges from the cell body and transmits information to other neurons, muscles, or glands. It can branch out to communicate with multiple target cells, facilitating the propagation of nerve impulses.

Moreover, information within the neuron flows from the dendrites, across the cell body, and down the axon, thus attributing a polarity to the neuron. The axon is typically insulated by a myelin sheath, provided by glial cells, which enhances the efficiency of nerve impulse transmission. Understanding these structures is essential for comprehending how neurons communicate within the nervous system.

Answer 2

Two types of processes extend from the cell body of a neuron. Dendrites are branches that receive input from other neurons, whereas Axons send information to other neurons.

Step-by-step explanation:

Dendrites: Dendrites are the branches extending from the cell body of a neuron that receive signals or input from other neurons. They are like the antennae of the neuron, collecting information from the surrounding neurons.

Axons: Axons are the other type of process extending from the cell body. They are responsible for sending information from the neuron to other neurons. Axons can be quite long and are covered by a myelin sheath, which helps in the efficient transmission of signals.