Final answer:
Excessive urine production is called polyuria, commonly caused by diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus, and results from either high glucose levels or insufficient antidiuretic hormone.
Step-by-step explanation:
Excessive urine production is medically termed polyuria. This condition involves the production of urine in excess of 2.5 liters per day. It can be caused by various medical conditions, including diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, or from the excessive use of diuretics. In diabetes mellitus, high blood glucose levels cause glucose to appear in the urine, which leads to increased urine production due to the osmotic nature of glucose drawing out water. In the case of diabetes insipidus, a deficiency of pituitary antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or insufficient ADH receptors in the kidneys results in decreased water absorption and large volumes of very dilute urine.