Final answer:
The ceiling structure is best identified as a ribbed vault, key to Gothic architecture and an evolution from the Romanesque barrel vault that enabled taller buildings and larger windows.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ceiling structure of this space is best described as a ribbed vault. During the Gothic era, architects utilized ribbed vaulting as a distinctive feature, which can be identified by the pointed arches that converged in the ceiling's center. This was a departure from earlier Romanesque architecture which often utilized barrel vaults, typified by their semicircular shape but creating considerable horizontal thrust on side walls. As Gothic architecture evolved, the ribbed vault became more elaborate and allowed for taller churches with larger windows, a stark contrast to the barrel vaults that necessitated thick walls and fewer windows due to their structural demands.