Final answer:
The document is called a business plan, including a comprehensive examination of problems, solutions, and a cost/benefit analysis to justify resource acquisition for a new program.
Step-by-step explanation:
A common type of business document that outlines the needs, costs, and benefits of a new program in order to justify obtaining new resources would best be called a business plan. This document not only proposes a transaction between a business and a client but also details deliverables, a schedule, costs, and payment terms. It includes a thorough examination of the proposal's problem, solutions, and should also conduct and present a cost/benefit analysis, comparing what will be sacrificed and what will be gained to help make informed decisions. The body of such a document should discuss the problem in depth, propose possible solutions, address potential objections, and conclude with recommendations backed by evidence like statistics and synthesis of information.