Final answer:
The term that describes the warmth or coolness of a color is 'color temperature'. Warm colors convey warmth, and cool colors evoke coolness. This concept is different from tone, tint, or shade, which involve changes in a color due to adding gray, white, or black respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the warmth or coolness of a color is color temperature. Warm colors, like yellows and reds, create a sensation of warmth, while cool colors, such as blues and greens, convey a sense of coolness. Use of these color temperatures can heavily influence the mood and composition of an artwork. For example, Diego Alfaro Siqueiros' use of cool colors in 'Peasant Mother' invokes a sadder, colder ambience. Conversely, Pierre Auguste Renoir's use of warm colors in 'Mother and Child' creates a warm, inviting scene.
To clarify the definitions, tone refers to the subtle changes in a color due to mixing with gray. A tint is a color lightened by adding white, while a shade is a color darkened by adding black. However, neither tone, tint, nor shade specifically describe the warmth or coolness of color—that's defined by the color's temperature.