Final answer:
Vellus hair is the thin, soft, unpigmented hair that covers the body. Lanugo is similar but found on fetuses and shed before birth, while terminal hair is thick and pigmented. The hair matrix contains basal cells that produce new hair cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The thin, soft, unpigmented hair that covers the body is known as vellus hair. This type of hair is typical among humans and can be found across various parts of the body. In contrast, lanugo is a fine, colorless hair that primarily covers a fetus's face and body and is usually shed close to the time of birth. Another type of hair is terminal hair, which is the thick, pigmented hair found on the scalp, face, armpits, and pubic area. The hair matrix, mentioned as part of this question, contains a layer of basal cells that are responsible for the production of new hair cells. Sudoriferous glands, also known as sweat glands, play a role in temperature regulation and waste excretion. Understanding these different types of hair and skin structures is essential in the study of human biology and physiology.