Final answer:
It is true that perceiving potentially stressful events as challenges rather than threats results in less stress, according to hardiness theory. The theory emphasizes the individual's cognitive appraisal of events as a significant factor in stress levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to hardiness theory, if you perceive potentially stressful events as a challenge instead of as a threat, less stress will result. The answer to the question is A. True.
The theory posits that how we appraise and interpret events plays a critical role in determining our stress levels. A primary appraisal of an event as a challenge suggests the potential for gain or growth, leading to less stress, whereas viewing the same event as a threat—indicative of harm or loss—may increase stress. This theory highlights that stress is not merely a function of the stressor itself, but of the individual's cognitive appraisal of that stressor.
Additionally, two types of appraisals are noted: primary and secondary appraisals. Primary appraisals involve judging the potential harm a stressor may cause, while secondary appraisals involve considering available resources to manage the stressor. If a stressor is perceived as highly threatening or if there seems to be few effective coping options, stress is more likely to occur.