Final answer:
The concern with the allocation of resources in large social systems is known as Distributive Justice, which seeks to distribute goods and services fairly. Societies address this through different economic systems, such as socialism or capitalism, and through public policies that redistribute wealth.
Step-by-step explanation:
When society is concerned with the allocation of resources in large social systems, this matter is known as Distributive Justice. This concept addresses how goods and services within a society are to be distributed fairly and efficiently. Societies use various economic systems, such as socialism, which advocates for public management and allocation of resources, or capitalism emphasizing private ownership and market forces, to resolve issues of resource allocation and scarcity. Traditional economies, command economies, and modern mixed economies are other examples of how societies manage their resources.
Governments often have to engage in public policies that redistribute wealth, ensuring fair access to resources. These policies balance individual welfare and common welfare while considering the global inequalities and social structures shaped by historical events. Ultimately, these approaches to distribution represent a society's values and strategies for managing its economic activities.