Final answer:
The principle that acknowledges respect for persons and their capacities to make their own choices is known as the principle of autonomy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle that embraces respect for persons and the ability to be self-governing and self-directing is the principle of autonomy. This principle states that individuals have the right to make decisions about their own lives, be it in healthcare or personal conduct, based on self-determination and liberty. The principle of autonomy is fundamental to democratic societies, where self-government is essential. This principle is enshrined in the concept of libertarianism, which argues that individual rights should be paramount and that personal and property rights are part of living a happy and free life. However, it is also important to acknowledge that with freedom comes responsibility, hence individuals are accountable for the consequences of their actions. The balance of constitutionalism also reflects the importance of autonomy, by limiting government authority and recognizing the fundamental worth of each individual. It is the exercise of autonomy that allows societies to function democratically and forms the bedrock of human rights.