Final answer:
The ACTN3 protein is encoded by a specific gene that dictates the sequence of amino acids in the protein through the process of transcription and translation, following the central dogma of molecular biology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ACTN3 protein is produced with instructions from a particular gene. In the process of protein synthesis, a gene contains DNA with triplets that are transcribed into mRNA containing codons. Each codon is a consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that corresponds to a specific amino acid. During translation, these codons are read by tRNA molecules that possess a matching anticodon and the correct amino acid to be incorporated into the polypeptide chain.
The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into proteins. The sequence of nucleotides within a gene determines the sequence of codons on mRNA, which ultimately specifies the primary structure of a protein via the universal genetic code. The order of amino acids in a protein dictates how it folds into a three-dimensional structure, essential for its function.