Final answer:
The first component to optimizing athletic performance through nutrition is manipulating body weight and composition. The second component is meeting the macronutrient needs, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first component to optimizing athletic performance through nutrition is body weight and composition. Athletes need to manipulate their body weight and composition to meet the demands of their sports.
For example, athletes in sports like football and weightlifting may benefit from having a large amount of muscle mass and increased body weight. This can be achieved through increased energy intake and protein consumption.
The second component is macronutrient needs. Athletes need to consume the right balance of macronutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, to fuel their performance.
Carbohydrates are an important fuel source for the brain and muscles during exercise, so athletes should increase their carbohydrate intake based on the intensity of their training or competition.
Protein is necessary for supporting metabolic reactions and muscle maintenance, growth, and repair. Athletes are recommended to consume 1.2 to 2.0 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day.
Finally, fats are essential for providing energy and facilitating the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Athletes should aim to consume 20-35% of their energy intake from fats.