Question

Which of the following has been used as part of a group of different tools to manage projects?

A. Job costing
B. Partnering
C. Bar charts
D. Networks
E. All of these have been used

Answer 1

In project management, job costing, partnering, bar charts (Gantt Charts), and networks (PERT or CPM diagrams) are all recognized tools. All listed options have been used in managing projects, so the correct answer is E. All of these have been used.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question addresses tools that have been used for project management. Historically, several tools are recognized for this purpose:

• Job costing - a managerial accounting method that accounts for the costs associated with a specific project or job.
• Partnering - a management approach where two or more parties collaborate with shared risks and resources to achieve project success.
• Bar charts, also known as Gantt Charts - these provide a visual timeline for the project, illustrating when tasks are scheduled to be done.
• Networks - which might refer to various types of diagrams like PERT or critical path method (CPM) networks that help plan and visualize complex project tasks and their dependencies.

All of these methods are part of the toolset used for effectively managing projects. Hence, the answer to the question is E. All of these have been used.