Final answer:
Jared Diamond's thesis is that innovations spread faster east to west, not north to south, making the statement false. The Southeastern United States was likely an independent center for plant domestication, and the market revolution did bring social and economic changes to the U.S., both statements being true.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement, according to Jared Diamond, that innovations spread faster north to south than east to west is actually false. Diamond's work, especially in his book Guns, Germs, and Steel, argues that societies living along the same latitudes (east to west) have an easier time spreading innovations due to the similarity in climate and day length, as opposed to varying conditions found when moving from north to south. Therefore, it is in fact easier for innovations to spread east to west.
Regarding the independent centers of plant domestication, it is true that the region of the present-day Southeastern United States was likely one of these independent centers. This contributes to understanding the diverse origins of agriculture across the globe.
The statement regarding the market revolution causing social and economic changes in the United States is also true. The market revolution, which occurred in the 19th century, significantly altered the American economy and its society, moving from a subsistence-based to a more market-oriented economy.