Final answer:
The term 'social solidarity' refers to the social ties in societies where strong, cohesive groups are formed from birth, which are often lineage or tribal societies. These societies rely on extended family networks for social integration and shared values for cohesion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that pertains to societies where people are integrated into strong, cohesive groups from birth is social solidarity, often observed in lineage and tribal societies. These societies are characterized by strong extended family networks that serve as the primary means of social integration. In such societies, leadership roles are often taken by elders and leadership may also be situation-based. In essence, family members and the collective group create a strong emotional and economic support system. Social anthropologist Emile Durkheim referred to this type of cohesion in preindustrial societies as mechanical solidarity, where connections are based on shared values and norms derived from a common lifestyle and collective work. The social fabric of these societies is tightly woven, with kinship, shared location, and religion being some of the ties that bind these communities together.