Final answer:
The system that protects us from the dangers of space such as radiation and vacuum is the C) atmosphere, especially the stratospheric ozone layer within it.
Step-by-step explanation:
The system that protects us from radiation and the vacuum of space is the C) atmosphere. The atmosphere, specifically a layer called the stratospheric ozone layer, plays a crucial role in absorbing most of the dangerous UV radiation and helps shield us from high-energy cosmic rays. This protective layer is found approximately 10 to 50 kilometers above Earth and is vital for the preservation of life on the planet by preventing severe cell damage from radiation.
It's important to note that the biosphere, which includes parts of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere where life exists, benefits immensely from the protective functions of the atmosphere. While the hydrosphere and other systems interact with the atmosphere, they do not provide the same level of protection from space conditions.