Final answer:
Succession allows ecosystems to recover from disruptive events, reach a stable and sustainable point, and establish complex communities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is all of the above (D).
Succession allows ecosystems to recover from disruptive events by replacing damaged or destroyed communities with new ones. It helps ecosystems reach a stable and sustainable point by establishing complex communities that are able to thrive and maintain a balance of organisms. The process of succession involves the sequential series of changes in a community over time, where groups of species grow and are replaced by other groups as the community matures.
In a climax community, which is the end result of ecological succession, the ecosystem is in a steady state and has the ability to remain in equilibrium despite disturbance. However, it is important to note that most ecologists today believe that continued change is normal in most ecosystems and that most communities are disturbed too often to become climax communities.