Final answer:
A seismograph is to an earthquake what a telescope is to astronomy, with both devices used for detection and study in their respective fields, based on the principles of physics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The analogy in the question 'Seismograph:Earthquake::(a) stethoscope:health (b) speedometer:truck (c) telescope:astronomy (d) thermometer:temperature' can be understood as follows: A seismograph is to an earthquake what a telescope is to astronomy. Just as a seismograph is used to detect and record the vibrations caused by earthquakes, a telescope is used to observe celestial objects in astronomy.
Physics plays a vital role in understanding natural phenomena such as earthquakes. It helps in predicting the motion of tectonic plates and the effect of flowing water on Earth's surface. Moreover, devices like seismographs and telescopes are based on physical principles. Seismographs, in particular, measure the arrival times of earthquake-induced seismic waves with precision, and by comparing the arrival times of different types of waves, one can calculate the distance to the earthquake's epicenter.