Final answer:
Elders in ancient cultures frequently observed the movements of the planets and stars because these celestial events were thought to be messages from the gods, influencing their survival and daily lives. This observation was crucial for agricultural planning, religious practices, and eventually led to the creation of calendars.
Step-by-step explanation:
The elders in various ancient cultures often observed the movements of the seven planets and the stars because these celestial bodies were considered symbols of the gods or supernatural forces that influenced their lives. Careful observation and interpretation of the skies were vital for understanding the will of the gods, which was directly connected to the well-being and survival of the people. The tracking of celestial events led to developments in agriculture and seasonal predictions, and it also played a significant role in religious and ritualistic practices, such as the Eleusinian Mysteries. These observations helped create calendars that were essential for practical activities such as farming and religious ceremonies.