Final answer:
The commonly used dose of mannitol for intravenous bolus to reduce intracranial pressure is 0.25 g/kg to 1 g/kg, which may partially align with option 2 provided, 0.2 g/kg. For treating dehydration, a NaCl solution is typically used, while a diluted KCl solution is administered for conditions like hypokalemia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dosage of mannitol for intravenous (IV) bolus can vary based on the medical condition being treated and the specific needs of the patient. However, a common dose for adults to reduce intracranial pressure or treat cerebral edema is 0.25 g/kg to 1 g/kg. It's important for medical professionals to follow the specific dosing guidelines provided by the drug manufacturer and to adjust dosing based on the patient's response and any side effects. As for the options presented in the question, 0.25 g/kg is closest to the standard initial dose, although the options provided do not include this exact value.
When it comes to treating dehydration with IV fluids, a NaCl solution, commonly known as saline, is usually given. In cases where there's a fluid loss high in sodium and bicarbonate, a mixture of 2/3 isotonic saline and 1/3 sodium lactate is administered. For conditions like hypokalemia, where the patient has low potassium levels, a diluted KCl (potassium chloride) solution is used. Medical personnel would dilute a stock solution to the required concentration, for example, diluting a 10% KCl stock solution to create 100 mL of a 0.5% solution.