Final answer:
Sales promotion programs targeting intermediaries like wholesalers and retailers are known as trade promotions, providing incentives for various beneficial actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sales promotion programs targeted at marketing intermediaries such as wholesalers, distributors, and retailers are part of trade promotions. Trade promotions focus on incentivizing these intermediaries to carry more stock, provide better visibility to certain products, or encourage other acts that would benefit the manufacturer. Examples of trade promotions include discounts offered to the trade, allowances, free goods, and cooperative advertising agreements.