Final answer:
1) Market segmentation. A company that divides its target market based on loyalty levels is using market segmentation, distinguishing customers by their loyalty to tailor marketing to each segment. Market segmentation is separate from product positioning, market targeting, and market differentiation, though all are part of the overall marketing strategy.
Step-by-step explanation:
A company that segments its target markets based on perceived levels of loyalty is engaging in an important aspect of marketing known as market segmentation. Market segmentation is the process by which a business divides its market into distinct groups of potential customers who have different needs, characteristics, or behaviors, and who might require separate products or marketing strategies. The goal is to tailor marketing efforts to better suit each segment's preferences.
In this context, loyalty segmentation is used to differentiate customers based on their level of attachment to the company or brand. It allows companies to recognize and reward loyal customers, potentially targeting them with specific promotions or offers and providing them with personalized experiences that can deepen their loyalty.
Although the other elements listed in the question, such as product positioning, market targeting, and market differentiation, are related to the overall marketing strategy, they are distinct from market segmentation. Product positioning refers to the process of establishing a product's image or identity within the target market. Market targeting involves selecting one or more market segments to enter. And market differentiation is the process by which a firm makes its products appear unique from those of competitors on any of a variety of bases like product features, location, or perception.