Question

How do prostaglandins contribute to pain sensitivity, and how do NSAIDs function to alleviate pain by targeting these compounds? Explain the role of renin in maintaining water and electrolyte balance in the body. Describe how neurotransmitters, specifically serotonin, influence the transmission of pain signals. Finally, what is the mechanism of action of diclofenac sodium, and how does it reduce pain sensitivity?

Answer 1

Prostaglandins sensitize nerves to pain, and NSAIDs like diclofenac sodium reduce pain by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins.

Step-by-step explanation:

Prostaglandins and Pain Sensitivity:

Prostaglandins are potent biological substances that can induce smooth muscle contraction and contribute to inflammation and pain. They sensitize nerves to pain, making them more sensitive to painful stimuli.

NSAIDs and Pain Relief:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen reduce pain by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins. By blocking the production of prostaglandins, NSAIDs can alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.

Mechanism of Action of Diclofenac Sodium:

Diclofenac sodium is an NSAID that works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is involved in the production of prostaglandins. By blocking COX, diclofenac sodium reduces the production of prostaglandins, resulting in reduced pain sensitivity.