Final answer:
The best nucleophile is typically one that is highly electronegative, has a lone pair of electrons, and is strongly basic. Examples of good nucleophiles include halides, hydroxide, alkoxides, and amines.
Step-by-step explanation:
A nucleophile is a specie that can donate a lone pair or bonding electrons to make a covalent bond. The best nucleophile is typically one that is highly electronegative, has a lone pair of electrons, and is strongly basic. Examples of good nucleophiles include negatively charged atoms such as halides (e.g., Cl-, Br-, I-), hydroxide (OH-), alkoxides (RO-), and amines (NH2-).