Final answer:
The lack of universal standards in the industrial goods market leads to inconsistent quality and safety, hinders international trade, and increases the risk of counterfeit products.
Step-by-step explanation:
The impact of the lack of universal standards in the industrial goods market is multifaceted. Firstly, it leads to inconsistent product quality and safety standards, as each country or region may have different regulations or may lack regulations altogether. Secondly, the absence of a common standard hinders international trade and collaboration, making it difficult for companies to navigate various regulations and potentially increasing the cost of compliance.
Thirdly, without universal standards, the risk of counterfeit products entering the market increases, as it becomes tougher to verify the authenticity and quality of goods across different jurisdictions. Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is 4) All of the above.