Final answer:
Tetralogy of Fallot comprises pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and ventricular septal defect, not an atrial septal defect. It is a serious congenital heart defect that requires surgical treatment, and it is diagnosed through auscultation and imaging.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four structural heart anomalies that comprise tetralogy of Fallot are pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and ventricular septal defect. While the question lists atrial septal defect as one of the components, it is not part of tetralogy of Fallot. Instead, the fourth component is ventricular septal defect, which is an abnormal opening in the interventricular septum allowing the mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood.
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect often detected through auscultation and confirmed by medical imaging such as echocardiography. Treatment usually involves surgical repair, including stent placement and valve replacement, to improve blood flow and oxygenation. However, it is a serious condition with significant mortality rates, though advances in medical treatment have improved survival over time.