Final answer:
Export/import taxes and trade policies are regulated by national governments, which can use tools such as Tobin taxes and import quotas to control the international flow of goods and capital.
Step-by-step explanation:
The control over export/import tax and trade policies within a country is primarily the responsibility of the national government. Countries can determine tariff rates, enact Tobin taxes, or impose import quotas to manage the flow of goods and capital. A Tobin tax, specifically, is a way to control international capital flows by taxing foreign exchange transactions. This method is aimed at stabilizing the currency and financial markets, and has been implemented in countries like Chile and Malaysia to curb excessive capital movement and reduce exchange rate volatility.
Moreover, governments can also control trade through import quotas, which set numerical limits on the amount of certain goods that can be imported. For example, The Reagan Administration's quotas on Japanese automobiles in the 1980s. The Multifiber Agreement was another form of import quota used by developed countries to protect their textile industries, illustrating the power that governments hold over their trade borders.