Final answer:
The genetic material of all living organisms is composed of DNA, contained within their cells. RNA is also essential, particularly in translating genetic information into proteins. Although viruses contain DNA or RNA, they are not deemed living due to their lack of cellular structure and dependency on host cells for replication.
Step-by-step explanation:
The genetic material of all living organisms is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is found within the cells. DNA is a double-stranded molecule forming a double helix, held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of nitrogenous bases and structured in the backbone of sugars and phosphate groups. Additionally, ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays a crucial role in the process of translating the genetic information in DNA into proteins, which are necessary for various cellular functions.
However, mentioning viruses, it is essential to note that even though they contain genetic material, either DNA or RNA, they are not considered living organisms because they are not made of cells. Viruses require a host's cellular machinery to replicate, which distinguishes them from living organisms that replicate independently.