Final answer:
Passive transport does not require cell energy, while active transport uses cell energy, usually in the form of ATP. Passive transport includes simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion, while active transport involves movement against the concentration gradient, requiring the cell to expend energy. An example of active transport is the sodium-potassium pump.
Step-by-step explanation:
Passive transport is the movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use of cell energy, while active transport requires the cell to use energy, typically in the form of ATP. Examples of passive transport include simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion, where substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Active transport, on the other hand, involves the movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring the cell to expend energy. An example of active transport is the sodium-potassium pump, which uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.