Final answer:
The protein responsible for converting the kinetic energy of moving H+ ions into ATP in the mitochondria is known as ATP synthase, which operates through oxidative phosphorylation.
Thus option A) ATP synthase. is correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The protein in the mitochondria that captures the kinetic energy of moving H+ ions and converts it to the stored energy of ATP is called ATP synthase. This complex protein acts as a sort of molecular turbine, where the flow of H+ ions powers it similarly to how a stream of water turns a water wheel. As H+ ions move through ATP synthase, this protein facilitates the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate through a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. This mechanism is central to cellular respiration and is highly efficient in generating ATP, accounting for the majority of ATP produced during the aerobic metabolism of glucose.
Thus option A) ATP synthase. is correct answer.