Final answer:
Transcription occurs in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell where DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then transported to the cytoplasm for protein translation. Ribosomal RNA is synthesized in the nucleolus of the nucleus.
Step-by-step explanation:
Transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is contained inside the cell's nucleus where it is transcribed into RNA. The RNA, specifically mRNA, is then transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where ribosomes translate the RNA into protein. This transcription process is separated from translation by the nuclear membrane, ensuring that transcription only occurs within the nucleus and translation only occurs in the cytoplasm.
Regarding ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis necessary for ribosome construction, this takes place in the nucleolus, which is a region within the nucleus dedicated to producing and assembling ribosomal components before they are transported to the cytoplasm to complete ribosome assembly.