Final answer:
The principle 'form follows function' is well-illustrated in cellular structures, where the form of structures like the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and rough and smooth ER is closely linked to their specific functional roles within the cell. This concept also applies widely in product design, where function dictates form.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle of "form follows function" in biological systems is exemplified by cellular structures where their shapes (forms) are highly adapted to carry out specific tasks (functions). Let's explore this concept using the cellular structures given:
- Plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum: The plasma membrane's form is a bilayer that creates a selective barrier, controlling the entry and exit of substances, thus safeguarding the cell's internal environment. In contrast, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a network of membranous tubules and sacs, with its form enabling the synthesis and transport of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER).
- Mitochondrion and chloroplast: The mitochondrion's bean-shaped form facilitates aerobic respiration and energy production. Meanwhile, the chloroplast's form, with stacks of thylakoids, is optimized for capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy during photosynthesis.
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER): The RER is studded with ribosomes on its surface, giving it a "rough" appearance, suitable for protein synthesis. The SER, lacking ribosomes, has a "smooth" form suitable for lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.
In the context of product design, the concept of form following function underlines that the external design of a product is inherently connected to its intended use or function. This principle is evident in how the basic forms of products change over time to reflect aesthetic tastes or functional enhancements, making them cultural hallmarks of their era.