Final answer:
The condition excluded from definitions of learning disabilities is intellectual disability. Learning disabilities are specific to neurological impairments that do not necessarily equate to an overall impairment in intelligence, unlike intellectual disabilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the conditions excluded from definitions of learning disabilities is intellectual disability. Learning disabilities are distinct from intellectual disabilities; they are specific neurological impairments rather than global intellectual or developmental disabilities. An intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning (such as learning, problem solving, judgement) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. This is a different condition from learning disabilities, which include such disorders as dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, and do not necessarily imply a general impairment in intelligence.
Conditions such as hearing or sight problems, emotional disorders, mental health disorders, and certain physical disabilities like auto-immune disorders, while they can certainly impact educational opportunities and outcomes, are not considered learning disabilities. Similarly, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) also do not fall under the category of learning disabilities, despite their effect on cognitive and behavioral functioning.