Question

In a traditional manufacturing environment, transaction authorization occurs in all of the following ways except?

1) Through a centralized authority
2) Through a decentralized authority
3) Through a hierarchical authority
4) Through a peer-to-peer authority

Answer 1

Transaction authorization in traditional manufacturing does not typically occur through a peer-to-peer authority but rather through centralized, decentralized, or hierarchical authorities.

Step-by-step explanation:

In a traditional manufacturing environment, transaction authorization does not typically occur through a peer-to-peer authority. Authorization is usually implemented in a more structured form, typically:

• Through a centralized authority, where decision-making is delegated to a single person or a central department.
• Through a decentralized authority, where decision power is distributed among various departments or units.
• Through a hierarchical authority, which involves multiple levels of management with clearly defined roles and responsibilities.

Peer-to-peer authority, on the other hand, is a less common model in traditional manufacturing settings as it denotes a system where each individual or node in the network has equal power and decision-making capabilities, which is more characteristic of distributed networks rather than traditional hierarchies.