Final answer:
Monitoring the number of defects produced in a factory is associated with the management function of controlling, which involves measuring performance and implementing corrective actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Monitoring the number of defects produced is an example of the management function of controlling. This management function is concerned with measuring performance against set goals and standards, and then taking corrective action when necessary to ensure that desired outcomes are achieved. In the context of a factory, managers will track defects to assess the quality of products being produced and make adjustments as needed to reduce the number of defects and enhance overall quality.