Final answer:
Impressionism is known for capturing fleeting moments with light and color, while Expressionism focuses on conveying emotion through exaggerated forms. Van Gogh's works are categorized as Post-Impressionism due to their emotional depth and vivid colors, which influenced Expressionists. Rodin's sculptures share Impressionists' gestural quality but lean towards Expressionism in their emotional intensity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Differences Between Expressionism and Impressionism
Expressionism and Impressionism are two distinct art movements. Impressionism emerged in France in the 19th century, focusing on capturing the effects of light and color using quick, visible brushstrokes to capture the 'impression' of a moment. On the other hand, Expressionism originated in the 20th century, emphasizing the expression of emotion and inner vision, often through exaggerated or distorted forms and vivid colors.
As for why the work of Van Gogh falls under Post-Impressionism rather than Impressionism, it's because his work includes elements typical of the Impressionists—like the importance of light and color—but extends beyond them with a distinct emotional and spiritual resonance, an emphasis on personal expression, and the use of bold colors and dramatic brushstrokes. Van Gogh's work had a huge influence on later Expressionists, although his style is rooted in Post-Impressionism, which is often seen as a bridge between the two movements.
The sculptures of Auguste Rodin show Expressionistic qualities through their dynamic, textured surfaces and the intense realism of the human body, reflecting individual character and physicality. Rodin's innovative approach to modeling in sculpture, with its vigorous, gestural quality, shares similarities with the lively brushwork of the Impressionists while emphasizing the emotional content.