Final answer:
ACT models identify three memory systems: working memory, declarative memory, which contains episodic and semantic memory, and procedural memory. These types of memory play distinct roles in the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
Step-by-step explanation:
ACT models, pertaining to the architecture of cognition, differentiate among various memory systems. The correct categorization of memory systems according to these models includes: working memory, declarative memory, and procedural memory.
Understanding Memory Types:
- Declarative memory is a type of long-term memory that encompasses facts and events we have personally experienced, which can further be divided into episodic memory and semantic memory.
- Episodic memory is a subset of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced, also known as autobiographical memory, such as the memory of your last birthday.
- Procedural memory refers to the long-term memory of how to perform different actions and skills, essentially the 'procedure' of how to do certain things, such as riding a bike or playing an instrument.
- Working memory refers to the structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information, akin to the function of a computer's RAM.
The three basic functions of memory as described are encoding, storage, and retrieval, with encoding being the input of information into the memory system through automatic or effortful processing, storage being the retention of the information, and retrieval being the act of getting information out of storage and into conscious awareness.