Final answer:
Phonemic awareness is the ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words, phonological awareness is a broader term that includes phonemic awareness and other aspects, and the alphabetic principle refers to the understanding of the relationships between letters and sounds in written language.
Step-by-step explanation:
Phonemic awareness, phonological awareness, and the alphabetic principle are all related to the understanding and use of sounds in language.
Phonemic awareness is the ability to identify and manipulate individual sounds (or phonemes) in spoken words. For example, being able to isolate the /p/ sound in the word 'pat' or blend the sounds /c/, /a/, /t/ together to form the word 'cat'.
Phonological awareness is a broader term that includes phonemic awareness, but also encompasses other aspects such as recognizing rhyming words, counting syllables, and identifying beginning and ending sounds in words.
The alphabetic principle refers to the understanding that there are systematic relationships between letters (or graphemes) and sounds (or phonemes) in written language. It involves understanding letter-sound correspondences and being able to use this knowledge to decode and encode words. For example, knowing that the letter 'b' represents the sound /b/ and being able to use this knowledge to read and spell words like 'bed' or 'bat'.