Final answer:
Errors in measurement systems, such as unit confusion and misinterpretation, can lead to significant problems, as seen in historical examples like the Air Canada fuel mishap and the Mars Climate Orbiter incident. Factors that limit the accuracy of null measurements include limitations of the device, operator error, and environmental factors. Measurement precision varies with the device, and temperature measurements require standard scales with reference points for accuracy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Instances that contradict the use of tempermatic measuring systems typically involve errors in units of measurement, misunderstanding of prescribed values, or technical design inconsistencies. For example, the 1983 Air Canada fuel mishap occurred due to confusion between pounds and kilograms, while the Mars Climate Orbiter was lost due to a mix-up between English and metric units. Moreover, a medical error in administering morphine happened because of misinterpreting the dosage instructions as '23 units' instead of '2-3' units.
Identifying other factors that might limit the accuracy of null measurements, such as operator errors, environmental conditions, or inherently imprecise measurement instruments, is crucial. While using a digital device more sensitive than a galvanometer could enhance the precision of measurements, it may not eliminate all sources of error. Digital devices are contingent on calibration, readability, and response time for accurate readouts.
It is also important to consider that different measuring devices have varying degrees of precision. For example, a ruler marked in millimeters is more precise than one marked in centimeters because it reports more significant figures. Furthermore, the accuracy of temperature measurements can vary with different thermometers; metrologists prefer constant-volume gas thermometers for standard measurements. Factors influencing measurement uncertainty include the limitations of the measuring device used.
In context, interval level data cannot express ratios of magnitude, like temperature, since the scales do not have a true zero point. Therefore, 80 °C isn't four times as hot as 20 °C. Pyrometers, which measure infrared radiation, are examples of modern digital measurement devices that offer quick and accurate temperature readings, superior to traditional alcohol thermometers.