Final answer:
Virtue, as Aristotle defines, is the balance between excess and deficiency of a trait, and is a key to human flourishing (eudaimonia). It results from practicing good habits, which involve voluntary choices, reflection, and a consistent character aligned with reason.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Virtue in Aristotle's Philosophy
Virtue is defined as the mean between two extremes of excess and defect concerning a feeling or action, as the practically wise person would determine. Aristotle's concept of virtue in his Nichomachean Ethics is a central aspect of his ethical framework. He suggests that virtues, like bravery and integrity, are achieved by finding the right balance between too little and too much of a trait, thus promoting human well-being and leading to a flourishing life, or eudaimonia.
Aristotle argues that this balance is not innate but developed through habituation, as we become perfect by habit. The virtuous action is not just a habit; it involves voluntary choice, knowledge of the reason for the choice, and consistency in character. By practicing virtuous actions, we get better at identifying the correct action for different situations, informed by reason and ultimately exemplifying excellent character.
In examining the function or purpose of beings and things, virtue manifests when the purpose of the entity is fully realized. For humans, their unique capacity for rationality suggests that human virtue is achieved through the development and perfection of reason. Such virtuous development is essential not only for personal excellence but also for contributing positively within a society.