Final answer:
Scholasticism is the philosophy formed during the Middle Ages that combines 'reason', logic, and observation to support religious faith, blending Christian theology with classical philosophy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The philosophy formed during the Middle Ages that stresses on 'reason', logic, and observation of the world in order to support religious faith, not just relying on the Bible or any sacred scriptures, is 1) Scholasticism. Scholasticism sought to reconcile Christian theology with classical philosophy, primarily through the work of thinkers like Thomas Aquinas who integrated Aristotelian logic into Christian doctrine. This approach dominated medieval European education and marked a significant period where deep intellectual discourse was encouraged within religious contexts, leading to advancements in natural philosophy and the gradual rise of empirical methods.