Final answer:
Gastrointestinal symptoms indicating foodborne illness include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, all of which are correct answers. These symptoms are caused by toxins from pathogens damaging the gastrointestinal tract. Depending on the pathogen, the incubation period can vary, and the severity of symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gastrointestinal symptoms that indicate a foodborne illness include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Essentially, the correct answer is 4) All of the above. These symptoms arise because pathogens, which could be viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or parasites, produce toxins that damage the cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. This damage can result in inflammation and the common symptoms of foodborne diseases.
The length of time from the consumption of contaminated food to the onset of symptoms is known as the incubation period, which can vary significantly. Some bacteria produce toxins in food before it is ingested, causing what is known as an intoxication. In other cases, known as an infection, the microorganism multiplies after ingesting and colonizes the gut, leading to the production of toxins inside the body. Symptoms can be as mild as discomfort or as severe as dysentery, which includes bloody diarrhea, fever, and in severe cases can lead to dehydration and life-threatening complications.