Final answer:
Backdating is the term for the practice of changing the effective dates on stock options to secure extra pay for management, taking advantage of a lower stock price at the earlier date.
Step-by-step explanation:
The practice where the effective dates on stock options are deliberately changed to benefit management with extra pay is known as backdating. It is a form of financial manipulation where the grant date of an option is set to an earlier time than when the option was actually granted, in order to take advantage of a lower stock price. This unethically inflates the value of the options when they are exercised, benefiting those who receive them at the expense of the company shareholders.