Final answer:
Behavioral science research does not categorically show that competition is superior to cooperation in promoting achievement and productivity; both elements contribute to success in different ways.
Step-by-step explanation:
It is false that behavioral science research has shown that competition is superior to cooperation in promoting achievement and productivity. Both competition and cooperation play crucial roles in promoting achievement and productivity in different contexts, and they are not mutually exclusive. Competition can motivate individuals to excel, pushing innovation and performance to higher levels. On the other hand, cooperation fosters teamwork, sharing of ideas, and helps individuals achieve common goals which might not be possible through competition alone. Biological systems also reflect these aspects, where organisms may compete for resources but also engage in cooperative behaviors such as social bonding or hunting in packs. The dynamic balance between competition and cooperation is crucial for the survival and success of species. Thus, understanding the roles both play in various systems is essential for a nuanced perspective on behavior and productivity.