Final answer:
The systems perspective views organizations as a collection of interconnected parts including inputs, outputs, transformation processes, and feedback. It is distinct from other perspectives like classical, contingency, and quality-management, which look at hierarchical roles, situational context, and continuous process improvement respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The viewpoint that sees organizations as entities made up of interrelated parts such as inputs, outputs, transformation processes, and feedback is known as the systems perspective. This perspective recognizes that the parts of an organization are interconnected, where each part can affect and be affected by others. Inputs are resources such as raw materials, labor, and information that are taken into the system. Outputs are the products or services that result from the transformation process. The transformation process is where inputs are converted into outputs, and this can include manufacturing, creativity, or service provision. Feedback refers to the information about the outputs that is used to adjust the system for better efficiency or effectiveness in the future.
The systems perspective can be contrasted with other organizational theories. For example, the classical perspective emphasizes hierarchical roles and a rigid chain of command. Meanwhile, the contingency perspective suggests that optimal management practices depend on the context of the situation. The quality-management perspective focuses on customer satisfaction and continuous improvement in processes.