Final answer:
The systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints are part of the contemporary perspective, which focuses on understanding the complex interrelationships within an organization and between the organization and its environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints are part of the contemporary perspective. Within the context of business and management theories, the contemporary perspective encompasses various approaches that emphasize the importance of understanding a business as an intricate system where environmental factors, internal policies, and quality improvement processes are critical for success.
A key feature of the systems viewpoint is that it sees a business as a system of interrelated parts functioning together to achieve a common purpose. Accordingly, any change in one part of the system affects the whole.
The contingency viewpoint suggests there is no one best way to manage an organization. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent upon the internal and external situation at a particular time.
Similarly, the quality-management viewpoint focuses on continuous improvement and responses to customer needs and expectations. Each of these perspectives contributes to the larger understanding of organizational dynamics in the contemporary business environment.